Understand
	First is the understanding of the process in terms of the fundamental laws of physics. For any pursuit of developing the process, modeling, experimental, or operational, this step is crucial. However, it is so often overlooked or slighted.

Analyze
	The physical laws are expressed mathematically. This includes the fundamental laws that describe the body of the process, factors that border the body of the process and the initial condition of the process, and the material properties.

Verify
	The solution of the math model must be verified by a reference, normally experimental. This indicates how well the model captures the actual physics. Do we really know how the process works?

Apply
	Process equipment design and debugging can now be intelligently done with the model to improve the process.